Awọn doko ibiti o ti amakirowefu erialida lori iye igbohunsafẹfẹ rẹ, ere, ati oju iṣẹlẹ ohun elo. Ni isalẹ ni idinku imọ-ẹrọ fun awọn iru eriali ti o wọpọ:
1. Igbohunsafẹfẹ Band & Range ibamu
- E-band Eriali (60–90 GHz):
Aaye kukuru, awọn ọna asopọ agbara-giga (1–3 km) fun 5G backhaul ati awọn comms ologun. Attenuation atmospheric Gigun 10 dB/km nitori gbigba atẹgun. - Antenna Ka-band (26.5–40 GHz):
Awọn comms Satẹlaiti ṣaṣeyọri 10–50 km (ilẹ-si-LEO) pẹlu ere 40+ dBi. Ipare ojo le dinku iwọn nipasẹ 30%. - 2,60-3,95 GHzEriali iwo:
Agbegbe aarin-aarin (5-20 km) fun radar ati IoT, iwọntunwọnsi ilaluja ati oṣuwọn data.
2. Eriali Iru & Performance
| Eriali | Ere Aṣoju | Ibiti o pọju | Lo Ọran |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eriali biconical | 2–6 dBi | <1 km (idanwo EMC) | Awọn iwadii kukuru kukuru |
| Standard Gain Horn | 12–20 dBi | 3–10 km | Idiwọn / odiwọn |
| Microstrip orun | 15–25 dBi | 5–50 km | Awọn ibudo ipilẹ 5G / Satcom |
3. Awọn ipilẹ Iṣiro Ibiti
Iwọn iwọn idogba gbigbe Friis (*d*):
d = (λ/4π) × √(P_t × G_t × G_r / P_r)
Nibo:
P_t = Gbigbe agbara (fun apẹẹrẹ, radar 10W)
G_t, G_r = Awọn anfani eriali Tx/Rx (fun apẹẹrẹ, iwo dBi 20)
P_r = Ifamọ olugba (fun apẹẹrẹ, -90 dBm)
Imọran ti o wulo: Fun awọn ọna asopọ satẹlaiti Ka-band, so iwo ere giga kan (30+ dBi) pọ pẹlu awọn ampilifaya ariwo kekere (NF <1 dB).
4. Awọn ifilelẹ ayika
Attenuation ojo: Awọn ifihan agbara Ka-band padanu 3–10 dB/km ni ojo nla.
Itankale Beam: Aworan microstrip 25 dBi ni 30 GHz ni iwọn ina 2.3° – o dara fun awọn ọna asopọ-kongẹ-si-ojuami.
Ipari: Awọn sakani eriali makirowefu yatọ lati <1 km (awọn idanwo EMC biconical) si 50+ km (Ka-band satcom). Ṣe ilọsiwaju nipasẹ yiyan awọn eriali E-/Ka-band fun igbejade tabi awọn iwo 2–4 GHz fun igbẹkẹle.
Lati ni imọ siwaju sii nipa awọn eriali, jọwọ ṣabẹwo:
Akoko ifiweranṣẹ: Oṣu Kẹjọ-08-2025
